Cardiovascular manifestations of heterotaxy and related.
OBJECTIVE. Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is a rare congenital anomaly with four subtypes. This anomaly has been described in the angiographic literature, but with the increasing use of coronary CT, it becomes imperative for CT interpreters to be aware of this entity, its implications, and the cross-sectional findings.The intention of this pictorial essay is to review the most common cardiovascular defects involved with heterotaxy syndrome in addition to emphasizing the utility of CTA in the identification and classification of anomalies seen in these patients. This review briefly defines most common terminology used in situs abnormalities as well as.Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) anomaly is defined by the presence of two LADs. It is categorized on the basis of a long and short LAD. We present a novel type in which one.
The segmental approach, which is widely used in the imaging work-up of congenital heart disease, consists of a three-step evaluation of the cardiac anatomy.Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) represents the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, accounting for 6.8% of all congenital heart disease. As surgical techniques and medical management of patients with TOF have improved, most affected patients are reaching adulthood. Though surgical out.
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